Type-scale.



W. W. GREENWOOD.

TYPE SCALE.

APPLICATION MLM: s211111. 1907.

Patented Nov. 15, 1910.

r: m d

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

TYPE-SCALE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 15, 1910.

Application led September 11, 1907. Serial No. 392,286.

i To all who/m t may concern:

Be it known that I, VILLIs'roN 7. GnnnN- Woon, a citizen of the United States, residing at Los Angeles, county of Los Angeles, State of California, have invented new and useful Improvements in Type-Scales, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an improvement on the device described and illustrated in my application for United States Letters Patent for type scale filed on or about Au gust 26, 1907, and an object thereof is to provide a scale whose divisions shall give the column length of a thousand ems of type of various sizes setl in various column widths.

A further object is to provide-a convenient line measure whereby the number of lines of type of various sizes may be ascertained from the length of column occupied.

A further object is to provide the two aforesaid scales injuxtaposition with each other so that the terms of one may be readily converted into the terms of the other.

A further object is to provide scales of various common numbers of Ilines for the various sizes of type.

A further object is to provide the above named scales in efficient form and in combination with certain other scales of common units of measure.

I accomplish these objects by means of the device described herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1,-is a face viewof a portion of my scale as adapted to be" placed upon single surface. Fig. 2,-is a perspective view showing an adaptation of a part of my 'scale to a triangular prismatic body. Fig.

3,-is a sectional view illustrating an. arrangement of the various parts of my scale around the faces of a square prismatic body.

Referring to the drawings and more particularly to Fig. l,- 5 designates a slieet of suitable material such as cardboard, ivory or the like on .which are printed or engraved' the divisions and designations therefor about to be described. Only a portion of, the complete scale is shown as the removed tion is eonstructedrin a manner exactly similar to the portion shown. hand end of sheet ,5 a transverse base line 6 is ruled which forms the base for longitudinal parallel lines 7 on which the different divisions of the scale are laid off. Each one of these parallel lines is concerned with and applicato a particular. size of type and 1nr Near the leftl the scale shown the sizes range from four and one half point type to twelve point type. As the nature of the divisions for all these lines is exactly the samean explanation in detail of one of the same will suflice for all.

Taking the line labeled -point it will be seen that there are two sets of divisions, one above and the other below the line. The divisions above the line indicate the column lcngthbf a thousand ems ofI five point type set in columns of the width in picas indicated'by the figures attached to the various divisions. Thus the division designated 30 is at a distance from the base line 6 equal to the column length of one thousand ems of live point type set in a column thirty picas wide. Similarly the distance of the division designated 25 from base line 6 is equal to the length of one thousand ems of five point type set in a column twentyfive picas wide. The remaining divisions giveI corresponding results as do also the up per divisions on all the longitudinal parallel lines. Thus itwill be manifest that by the usev of this portion ofthe scale I am enabled to ascertain quickly and accurately the column space which a of type will occupy. r

The divisions below lines 7 will be seen to be laid off in a regular and even manner whereas the divisions above the lines ingiven number of ems crease in length as they progress to the right. l The divisions below the line are each equal in length to the height ofen em of the particular sized 4type to which the divisions belong. Thuseach division represents the column length taken up by a single line of type of that particular size. Therefore if the length of a column of type of any particular size is known the number of lines maybe aseertainedby. applying that length to the divisions below. the line. By having these two scales'in juxtaposition it is possi ble to convert the terms of one into the terms of the other. Thus, if it is wished to ascertain how many lines a thousand ems of eight point type set in a column fifteen picas wide will occupy the scale gives the desired information. as forty-five lines, the fortyfifth division below the eight point line being approximately under the fifteenth division above the eight point line.

Near each edge of the scale are laid 0E scales of common units such as an inch scale 8 and a pica scale 9. At the edges of the sheet are scales 10 of 100 lines, of 50 lines;7 etc. These scales as their designations indicate give the columiil ength af the designated number of@linesgf'giurliil'erent sizeSAOfQQ. ls-tlieiihibers oirthc ditl'e rc i i l' transverse divi\sions sigiiify,ly these divisions tl'i'ejjgggeocgup' ied bllliegisniuambei-mes may be quickly ascertainc dland amaiiedwhewspaeeewvh' l" n.ilttllable or ie'd'mt at length in Sgl'iavv be laid ottjlirectl of inches or the scale ot' nicas in a dit erent color from the unit scale so as to be cistinle tierefronn This position enables thel'engt i in units to b'e rea-d directly without resort to any sort of measuring` device or dividers.

`It will be observed from the foregoing description that I have provided a scale which is particularly useful in measuring type as it presents the necessary divisions in a l'c'jiiisWal's'o-Iuseful 'in'inaltiiig measurements for spaced' type or typey vv'hichghhas beenqlea ded. This is accomplished by merely making the appropriate measurements for the type as'it is increased in size by the leads. Thus if it4 were wished to be known liow`inuch column space a thousand ems of eight pint'type leaded two points in a column twenty picas wide the desiidfinformation is obtained as follows z--Froin tlieeiglit-point scale it will be observed that the nunibercf lines occupied by a thousand ems of eviglit point type set in a column twenty picas wide'is thirtyfour as the thirty-fourth v Cl iY S.Q1 lLllllelilm eight point `linel` approximately registers with the twentieth division above that line. Dropping down to the ten point line, as the type is leaded two points, the column length occupied by thirty-four lines is given by the distance from base Vline to the thirtyfourth division below the' ten point. line.

This and other uses will appear in practical operation as occasions arise.

In Fig. 3 I have indicated the placement of my scale on a bar of square cross section. In this arrangement the scales which are most commonly used are placed along the edges of the scale and the ones less frequently used along the portions intermedi- I nated points being respectively denominated for variousl column-widths iii which type may be set, said points marking oft' along said line from said origin distances equal respectively to the various column-lengths of a constant quantity ot' said type set in the respective colun'in-widths indicated by the said divisional denominations, all of said columnlengths being laid oft' starting from said ,origiin and, overlapping eachA other, terminating respectively with said divisional noints.

The combination, in a type-scale com- .size of type, of a series of divisional points laid olf on one side of said line and denomirespectively ,for various columnwidths in which type may be set, said divisional points marking off from a common origin-point in said line distances equal respectively to the various column-lengths of a unit-quantity of type of said size when set in columns of the widths indicated; with a series of equal divisions laid off on the other side of said line, said divisions being equal to a lineal em of said specific size of type, and said divisions being determined by divisional points consecutively numbered from said origin-point; substantially as shown and described.

3. A type-scale comprising a material sui'- face, said surface having ruled thereon a transverse baseline as the origin of measurement and a plurality of longitudinal lines starting from said baseline, said longitudinal lines being denominated respectively for different sizes of type; each of said lines` having divisional points respectively denominated for different column-widths, said points marking off from said baseline distances equal respectively to the various coluiiin-lengths of a unit-quantity of type of the coluinii-widths and sizes indicated.

4. A type-scale comprising a material surface, said surface having a line ruled thereon, said line being designated for a certain size of type, and having an origin-point designated on said line, and having divisional points on said line designated for different widths of column, said divisional points being laid off at distancesfrom said origin-point respectively equal to the different coluinn-leiigths which a constant number of ems of the said size of type would occupy when arranged in the said designated widths of column; each of said -columnlengths, beginning at said origin-point and terminating at its said respective divisional point, constituting a single unit of measurement for type of the size and column-width indicated respectively by its lineand divisional-point designations.

5. A type-scale comprising a material surface, said surface having a plurality of lines ruled thereon, said lines being respectively designated for different sizes of type, and having an origin-point designated on each of said lines, and having divisional oints on each of said lilies designated for di' erent widths of column, said divisional points being laid off at distances from said originpomts respectively equal. to the various column-lengths which ay constant number of ems of the said sizes of type will occupy when arranged in said designated Widths of column; each of said columndengths, beginning at its said origin-point and terminating at its said respective divisional point, constituting a single unit of measurement for type of the size and column-width indicated respectively by its lineand divisional-point designations.

(l. The combination, in a type scale, of a series of divisions laid ofi' on one side of a line, each of said divisions starting from Va common origin-point in said line and being equal respectively to the various column-lengths of a constant quantity of a specified size of type, when set in various Widths of column, the divisional points limiting said divisions from the origin-point being denominated for said various Widths of column; With a linegage having equal divisions, laid off on the other side of said line, said divisions being consecutively numbered from said originpoint, each of said divisions being equal to a lineal ein of the said size of type; substantially as shown and described.

ln witness that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto subscribed my naine this 31st day of August, 1907.

WiLLIsToN W. GREENWOOD.

AlVitnesses EDMUND A. STRAUSE, OLLIE PALMER. 

